Apparatus for providing access for a medical procedure

ABSTRACT

In some embodiments an apparatus for providing access for a medical procedure in a patient&#39;s body cavity includes a stem configured for insertion through an opening in a body cavity wall. The stem has a bore and a cap is disposed at a proximal end thereof and includes an entry port in communication with the bore which receives an instrument to be inserted into the body cavity. An inflatable annular seal is disposed on the stem proximate the cap and a conduit extends through the cap providing pressurized gas at a first outlet in fluid communication with the body cavity providing insufflation pressure. A second outlet of the conduit is in fluid communication the seal, which when disposed inside the body cavity proximate the wall and inflated by pressurized gas, bears on an inner surface of the wall urging the cap into contact with an outer surface of the wall while sealing the opening.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

This disclosure relates to apparatus used for surgical procedures andmore particularly to providing access to a body cavity of a patient forrobotic and/or laparoscopic surgical instruments and equipment during amedical or surgical procedure.

2. Description of Related Art

In robotic and laparoscopic surgery it is common to provide access to abody cavity of a patient through an access device. An incision istypically made in a wall of the body cavity and the access device isinserted into the incision to provide a sealed entry point for asurgical device such as a laparoscopic instrument. For robotic andlaparoscopic surgery the access device may be required to provide a sealto any instrument inserted into the body cavity through the accessdevice. The seal maintains insufflation pressure in the body cavityduring insertion and subsequent movement of the instrument. The accessdevice may also be configured to act in the removal of smoke producedduring electrocauterization of tissues within the body cavity.

Commonly available access devices include surgical trocars such as thosemanufactured by Covidien PLC of Dublin, Ireland, Stryker Corporation ofMichigan, USA, and/or Applied Medical of California, USA.

SUMMARY

In accordance with some embodiments there is provided an apparatus forproviding access for a medical procedure in a body cavity of a patient.The apparatus includes a stem operably configured to be inserted throughan opening in a wall of the body cavity, the stem having a boreextending therethrough. The apparatus also includes a cap disposed at aproximal end of the stem, the cap including an entry port incommunication with the bore configured to receive an instrument to beinserted through the bore into the body cavity. The apparatus furtherincludes an inflatable annular seal disposed on the stem proximate thecap and a conduit extending through the cap. The conduit includes aninlet in the cap operable to connect to a source of pressurized gas anda first outlet disposed to be in fluid communication with the bodycavity after the stem is inserted through the opening in the wall of thebody cavity. The first outlet is operable to provide an insufflationpressure to the body cavity. The conduit also includes a second outletin fluid communication with the seal. The seal, when disposed inside thebody cavity proximate the wall and inflated by the pressurized gas,bears on an inner surface of the wall urging the cap into contact withan outer surface of the wall while sealing the opening.

The entry port may include a displaceable seal operable to seal theentry port to maintain the insufflation pressure and preventcontamination of the body cavity after the stem is inserted into theopening in the wall of the body cavity.

The stem may include a tip including at least one cutting edge operableto form the opening by piercing the wall of the body cavity.

The opening in the wall of the body cavity may include one of anincision and a natural orifice in communication with the body cavity.

Prior to insertion of the stem, the seal may be in an initially deflatedcondition facilitating insertion of the stem through the opening.

The seal may be fabricated from a compliant material having sufficientelasticity to return to the initially deflated condition when deflatedprior to removal of the apparatus from the wall of the body cavity.

The apparatus may include an inflatable annular instrument seal disposedat a distal end of the stem, and when the instrument is inserted throughthe bore and projects beyond the distal end of the stem into the bodycavity, the seal, when inflated, provides a seal between a portion ofthe distal end of the stem and outer surfaces of the instrument.

The apparatus may include a partition within the bore dividing the boreinto a plurality of channels extending therethrough, each of theplurality of channels being operable to receive an instrument to beinserted into the body cavity.

The partition may extend beyond a distal end of the stem and may alsoextend outwardly from the opening in the cap and the partition mayinclude a central portion and a plurality of peripherally formed openchannels configured to receive the plurality of instruments.

The instrument may include at least one of an instrument for grasping,manipulating, cauterizing, or cutting tissue, an instrument forproviding an interior view of the body cavity, and an instrument forproviding or removing fluid from the body cavity.

In accordance with some embodiments there is provided an apparatus forproviding access for a medical procedure in a body cavity of a patient.The apparatus includes a stem operably configured to be inserted throughan opening in a wall of the body cavity, the stem having a boreextending therethrough. The apparatus also includes a cap disposed at aproximal end of the stem, the cap including an entry port incommunication with the bore configured to receive an instrument to beinserted through the bore into the body cavity. The apparatus furtherincludes an inflatable instrument seal disposed at a distal end of thestem. A conduit extends through the cap and is in fluid communicationwith the instrument seal and operable to inflate the seal. When theinstrument is inserted through the bore and protrudes beyond the distalend of the stem into the body cavity, the instrument seal surrounds theinstrument and when inflated, provides a seal between a portion of thedistal end of the stem and outer surfaces of the instrument.

The conduit may include an inlet disposed on the cap configured toreceive a pressurized fluid operable to inflate the instrument seal.

The pressurized fluid may include a liquid solution injected through theinlet into the conduit and the conduit may further include a valveoperably configured to retain the pressurized fluid within the annularseal and conduit once injected into the inlet.

The inlet may be operable to connect the conduit to a source ofpressurized gas.

The apparatus may include an inflatable annular retaining seal disposedon the stem proximate the cap and in fluid communication with theconduit for inflating the seal. The retaining seal, when disposed insidethe body cavity proximate the wall and inflated by the pressurized gas,bears on an inner surface of the wall urging the cap into contact withan outer surface of the wall while sealing the opening.

The conduit may include an outlet disposed to be in fluid communicationwith the body cavity after the stem is inserted through the opening inthe wall of the body cavity, the first outlet being operable to providean insufflation pressure to the body cavity.

The instrument seal and the retaining seal may be fabricated from acompliant material having sufficient elasticity to return to theinitially deflated condition when deflated prior to removal of theapparatus from the wall of the body cavity.

The apparatus may include a partition within the bore dividing the boreinto a plurality of channels extending therethrough, each of theplurality of channels being operable to receive an instrument to beinserted into the body cavity.

The partition extends beyond a distal end of the stem and also extendsoutwardly from the opening in the cap and the partition may include acentral portion and a plurality of peripherally formed open channels forreceiving the plurality of instruments.

The instrument seal may have a generally toroidal shape when inflated.

The apparatus may be configured to accommodate a plurality ofinstruments within the bore and the instrument seal may include aplurality of bulged regions disposed to bear on an outer surface of eachinstrument to provide increased force for holding the instruments withinthe bore when the seal is inflated.

The instrument may include at least one of an instrument for grasping,manipulating, cauterizing, or cutting tissue, an instrument forproviding an interior view of the body cavity, and an instrument forproviding or removing fluid from the body cavity.

Other aspects and features will become apparent to those ordinarilyskilled in the art upon review of the following description of specificdisclosed embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In drawings which illustrate disclosed embodiments,

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus for providing access for amedical procedure in a body cavity of a patient;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 inserted into anopening in a body wall of a patient;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG.1 and FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an apparatus forproviding access for a medical procedure in a body cavity of a patient;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG.4;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a partition received within the bore ofthe apparatus shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a plan view of an instrument seal in accordance with anotherembodiment;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the instrument seal shown in FIG. 7 installedon the apparatus shown in FIG. 4; and

FIG. 9 is a plan view of an instrument seal in accordance with a furtherembodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1, an apparatus for providing access for a medicalprocedure in a body cavity of a patient is shown generally at 100. Theapparatus 100 includes a stem 102 operably configured for insertionthrough an opening in a wall of the body cavity of a patient. The stem102 has a bore 104 extending through the stem and the apparatus 100includes a cap 106 disposed at a proximal end of the stem. The cap 106has an entry port 108 in communication with the bore 104 for receivingan instrument (not shown in FIG. 1) to be inserted through the bore intothe body cavity. The cap 106 has an inlet 110 for connecting to apressurized source (not shown in FIG. 1).

The apparatus 100 also includes an annular inflatable seal 112 on thestem 102 proximate the cap 106. In this embodiment the seal 112 isdisposed at a location on the stem 102 spaced apart from an underside114 of the cap 106. The seal 112 as shown in FIG. 1 is in an uninflatedcondition and the apparatus 100 is ready for insertion into a bodycavity of the patient.

Referring to FIG. 2, the stem 102 may be inserted through an opening 200in a wall 202 of a body cavity 204 of a patient for performing asurgical or other medical procedure. As an example, the body cavity 204may be an abdominal cavity and the wall 202 may be an abdominal wall. Insome embodiments the opening 200 may be an incision made by a surgeon topermit access to the underlying body cavity 204. Alternatively theapparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a tip 116 having cutting edges118 and the tip may be used in some embodiments to form the necessaryopening by piercing the wall 202 of the body cavity 204. In otherembodiments the opening 200 may be a natural orifice that permits accessto a body cavity 204 of the patient.

Prior to insertion of the stem 102, the seal 112 would be in aninitially deflated condition to facilitate insertion of the stem throughthe opening 200. The seal 112 is configured as an annular balloon havinga compliant wall 220 enclosing an interior volume 222. When the seal 112is deflated the complaint wall 220 will deflect during insertion to liegenerally along a portion of the stem 102 proximate the underside 114 ofthe cap 106. The compliant wall 220 may be fabricated from a materialhaving sufficient compliance to easily deflect during insertion whenuninflated. Materials such as polyurethane or silicone may be used tofabricate the seal 112. The entry port 108 may include a displaceableseal (not shown) that is operable to seal off the bore 104 to reduceescapement of insufflation gas and to prevent contamination of the bodycavity 204 prior to an instrument being inserted through the entry portinto the body cavity.

The seal 112 and a portion of the stem 102 in cut-away view are shown inmore detail in FIG. 3. The stem 102 (shown truncated in FIG. 3) has atubular wall 300 that accommodates a conduit 302. In this embodiment theconduit 302 bifurcates at a location 304 to provide a first outlet 306in fluid communication with the bore 104. The first outlet 306 wouldthus also be in fluid communication with the body cavity after the stem102 is inserted through the opening 200 in the wall 202 of the bodycavity 204. In other embodiments the first outlet 306 may be disposedelsewhere within the bore 104.

The conduit 302 also includes a second outlet 308 in fluid communicationwith a neck 310 of the seal 112 that provides fluid communication withthe interior volume 222 of the seal. The neck 310 extends through apassage in the tubular wall 300, and is shown with the tubular wallpartially cut away in FIG. 3. In other embodiments, separate conduitsmay be provided such that a first conduit includes the first outlet 306and a second conduit includes the second outlet 308.

Referring back to FIG. 2, prior to or immediately following insertion ofthe apparatus 100 through the opening 200 in the wall 202, the inlet 110may be connected to an insufflation source 210. The insufflation source210 may be configured to deliver a controlled flow of a gas such ascarbon dioxide (CO₂) for causing insufflation of the body cavity 204.The insufflation source 210 includes a control 212 for setting a desiredinsufflation pressure and a control 214 for setting a desired fluid flowrate for maintaining a desired insufflation of the body cavity 204. Whenthe insufflation source 210 is connected and in operation, the seal 112is inflated though the neck 310 by the insufflation gas pressure and thecomplaint wall 220 of the seal bears on an inner surface 216 of the bodywall 202. When inflated the seal 112 takes on a generally toroidal shapeand urges the underside 114 of the cap 106 into contact with an outersurface 218 of the body wall while sealing the opening 200 to preventescapement of the insufflation gas. The inflated seal 112 may also actto staunch bleeding from the incision, both into the body cavity 204 andabove the opening 200. The use of the insufflation source 210 to bothinflate the seal 112 and provide insufflation has an advantage ofcausing the seal 112 to provide a controlled force at the opening 200that matches the pressure within the body cavity 204. If the seal 112were to be overinflated, damage to tissues of the wall 202 may resultwhich may extend a post-surgery healing time and may also increase therisk of infection. In other embodiments, one insufflation source such asshown at 210 may be used to deliver pressurized gas for inflating theseal 112 and another insufflation source or a multiple outputinsufflation source may be used to provide an independent gas flow forinsufflating the body cavity 204.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the conduit 302 is integral with thetubular wall 300 of the stem 102.

However in other embodiments the conduit 302 may be provided by a tubeextending through the tubular wall 300 or extending along a side of thebore 104.

Once inserted through the opening 200 and placed under insufflationpressure by the insufflation source 210, the apparatus 100 is retainedin place and provides access for various instruments to be insertedthrough the entry port 108 and the bore 104 into the body cavity 204.Any of a variety of instruments may be deployed for performingoperations within the body cavity 204 including laparoscopic or roboticinstruments such as dissectors or forceps, cauterizing tools, imagingdevices for providing a view inside the body cavity, and devices forintroducing or removing fluids from the body cavity.

Once the operation within the body cavity 204 is completed, theinstruments may be removed and the insufflation pressure reduced orremoved, causing the seal 112 to deflate. The seal may be fabricatedfrom a material having sufficient elasticity to return to substantiallythe initially deflated condition when the inflation pressure is removed,facilitating removal of the apparatus 100 from the wall 200 of the bodycavity 204.

Referring to FIG. 4, an apparatus for providing access for a medicalprocedure in a body cavity of a patient in accordance with anotherembodiment is shown at 400. The apparatus 400 includes a stem 402 thathas been inserted through an opening 430 in a wall 432 of a body cavity434 of a patient. The stem 402 has a bore 404 extending through the stemand the apparatus 400 includes a cap 406 disposed at a proximal end ofthe stem. The cap 406 has an entry port 408 on the cap 406 and in thisembodiment a plurality of instruments 410 are shown extending throughthe entry port and cap 406. The plurality of instruments 410 alsoprotrude slightly from a distal end 412 of the stem 402. The instruments410 may include instruments for grasping, manipulating, cauterizing, orcutting tissue, instruments for providing an interior view of the bodycavity, and/or instruments for providing or removing fluid from the bodycavity.

The instruments 410 may be configured for laparoscopic and/or roboticsurgery processes.

The apparatus 400 also includes an inflatable instrument seal 414disposed at the distal end 412 of the stem 402. The inflatableinstrument seal 414 is configured as an annular balloon having aninterior volume 450 enclosed within a complaint wall 452 for containinga pressurized fluid.

The instrument seal 414 and a portion of the stem 402 in cut-away vieware shown in more detail in FIG. 5. Referring to FIG. 5, the stem 402has a tubular wall 500 that accommodates a conduit 502. In theembodiment shown, the conduit 502 divides at a location 504 to provide afirst outlet 506 in fluid communication with the bore 404. When the stem402 is inserted through the opening 430, the first outlet 506 would thusbe in fluid communication with the body cavity 434. The conduit 502 alsoincludes a second outlet 508 in fluid communication via a neck 510 withthe interior volume 450 of the instrument seal 414. The neck 510 extendsthrough the tubular wall 500, which is shown cut away in FIG. 5. Inother embodiments, separate conduits may be provided such that a firstconduit includes the first outlet 506 and a second conduit includes thesecond outlet 508.

Referring back to FIG. 4, the apparatus 400 also includes an inlet 416on the cap 406 for connecting to an insufflation source, such as shownat 210 in FIG. 2. The inlet 416 is in fluid communication with theconduit 502. Prior to insertion of the apparatus 400 through the opening430 in the body wall 432, the instrument seal 414 is maintained in adeflated condition. Following insertion of the apparatus 400 theinstruments 410 may inserted through the bore 404 to protrude beyond thedistal end 412 of the stem 402 into the body cavity 434. The inlet 416may then be connected to an insufflation source or if already connectedthe source may be activated and the instrument seal 414 inflated asshown in FIG. 4. The instrument seal 414, when inflated expands toprovide a seal between a portion of the distal end 412 of the stem 402and outer surfaces 418 of the instruments 410. The instrument seal 414may be fabricated from a compliant material that when inflated takes ona generally toroidal shape and causes the complaint wall 452 to bear onthe outer surfaces 418 of the instruments 410. The inflated inflatableinstrument seal 414 may also hold the instruments in place within thebore 404 to at least some extent by bearing against the instrument. Inone embodiment the complaint wall 452 of the inflatable instrument seal414 may be fabricated such that surfaces of the seal that bear on theinstruments 410 have increased surface friction to assist with holdingthe instruments in place. The instrument seal 414 also functions toprevent body fluids from the body cavity 434 from entering the bore 404.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the apparatus 400 alsoincludes an inflatable annular retaining seal 420 disposed on the stem402 proximate the cap 406. The retaining seal 420 is similarlyconfigured and operates generally as described above in connection withthe seal 112 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1-FIG. 3. Referring to FIG.5, the conduit 502 also includes a third outlet 514 in fluidcommunication via a neck 516 with the interior volume of the retainingseal 420. The neck 516 extends through a passage in the tubular wall500, shown in cut away view in FIG. 5. The retaining seal 420, whendisposed inside the body cavity 434 proximate the body wall 432 andinflated by pressurized gas, bears on an inner surface 436 of the bodywall 432 urging the cap 406 into contact with an outer surface 438 ofthe wall. In some embodiments, a separate conduit may be provided suchthat a third conduit includes the third outlet 514.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, inflation of the retaining seal 420is via a pressurized gas supplied through the conduit 502. However inother embodiments, the retaining seal 420 and instrument seal 414 may beinflated by introducing a liquid solution such as saline into the seals414 and 420 via a separate conduit that is not associated with the bodycavity insufflation. When using a liquid solution to inflate the seals414 and 420, the conduit through which the liquid is introduced mayinclude a valve operably configured to retain the liquid within theseals once injected. In other embodiments, the retaining seal 420 andinstrument seal 414 may be inflated by introducing separate gases intothe seals 414 and 420 via one or more separate conduits that are notassociated with the body cavity insufflation.

When the liquid solution or the pressurized gas supply is removed, therespective interior volumes of the instrument seal 414 and retainingseal 420 are deflated and have sufficient elasticity to return to theirinitially deflated condition for removal of the apparatus 400 from thewall 432 of the body cavity 434.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the apparatus 400 includes apartition 440 disposed within the bore 404. Referring to FIG. 6, thepartition 440 has a plurality of channels 600, 602, and 604 sized toreceive the various instruments 410, one of which is shown. In thisembodiment, the partition 404 includes a central portion 606 and thechannels are open at a peripheral for receiving the instruments 410. Thepartition 440 is configured to be removable from the bore 404, but inother embodiments may be integral with the bore.

As disclosed above the seals 112 and 414 may have a generally toroidalshape when inflated. Referring to FIG. 7, in some embodiments theinstrument seal 414 may be fabricated such that when inflated it has anon-circular cross section as shown at 700. The seal 700 has 3 bulgedregions 702, 704, and 706, which may be accomplished by selectivelythinning a wall 708 of the seal in the bulged regions with respect toother wall regions. Alternatively, the seal 700 may be shaped such thatthe bulged regions 702, 704, and 706 are also present when the seal isuninflated. The seal 700 has an inlet 710 for inflating the seal.Referring to FIG. 8, the seal 700 is shown deployed at distal end 412 ofthe stem 402 (shown in FIG. 4). In this embodiment three instruments800, 802, and 804 are accommodated within the bore 404 of the apparatus400 in channels provided by a partition 806. When the seal 700 isinflated, the seal bears on the partition 806, thus exerting a forcethat seals to the partition. The seal 700 also bears on the instruments800, 802, and 804, exerting an increased force on the instruments at thebulged regions 702, 704, and 706. The increased force at the bulgedregions 702, 704, and 706 provides an additional retaining force forholding the instruments in place within the bore 404.

Referring to FIG. 9, in some embodiments a seal 900 may be shapedgenerally as shown in FIG. 7, but with an inner volume of the seal beingpartitioned into a plurality of volumes 902, 904, 906 generallycorresponding to bulged regions 908, 910, and 912. Each of the volumes902, 904, 906 of the seal 900 has a respective separate inlet 914, 916,and 918 for separately inflating the seal volumes.

The embodiments disclosed above provide a sealing function and/orretaining function for retaining the apparatus within an opening in thewall of a body cavity or retaining and sealing instruments. In someembodiments, the inflation of the various seals is provided via analready existing insufflation system, which is usually activated duringa timeframe when the seals would also be inflated. These embodiments arethus relatively simple to operate in that no additional equipment isrequired and once the insufflation is no longer required and can beremoved, the seals deflate allowing the apparatus to be easilywithdrawn.

While specific embodiments have been described and illustrated, suchembodiments should be considered illustrative only and not as limitingthe disclosed embodiments as construed in accordance with theaccompanying claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for providing access for a medicalprocedure in a body cavity of a patient, the apparatus comprising: astem being configured to be inserted through an opening in a wall of thebody cavity, the stem comprising a bore being configured to receive aninstrument therethrough; a cap being disposed at a proximal end of thestem, the cap comprising an entry port in communication with the boreand being configured to receive an instrument to be inserted through thebore and into the body cavity; a conduit extending through the cap, theconduit comprising: an inlet being configured to be connected to asource of pressurized fluid; and a first outlet being configured to bein fluid communication with the body cavity after the stem is insertedthrough the opening in the body cavity, the first outlet beingconfigured to provide insufflation pressure to the body cavity; and aninflatable instrument seal being disposed at a distal end of the stem,the instrument seal being configured to seal against an outer surface ofthe instrument and to inhibit fluid communication between the bodycavity and the bore when the instrument is inserted through the distalend of the stem and when the instrument seal is inflated.
 2. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the inflatable instrument seal comprises aballoon.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the balloon comprises acompliant wall at least partially defining an interior volume, andwherein the balloon is configured to retain pressurized fluid within theinterior volume.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inflatableinstrument seal is configured to facilitate in holding the instrument inposition when the instrument seal is inflated.
 5. The apparatus of claim1, wherein the entry port comprises a displaceable seal being configuredto seal the entry port so as to maintain the insufflation pressure andinhibit contamination of the body cavity after the stem is inserted intothe opening in the wall of the body cavity.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the stem comprises a tip including at least one cutting edgebeing configured to form the opening in the wall of the body cavity bypiercing the wall of the body cavity.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein prior to insertion of the stem, the instrument seal isconfigured to be in a deflated condition to facilitate insertion of thestem through the opening in the wall of the body cavity.
 8. Theapparatus of claim 7, wherein the instrument seal comprises a compliantmaterial having sufficient elasticity such that the instrument seal isconfigured to return to the deflated condition prior to removal of theapparatus from the wall of the body cavity.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the instrument comprises at least one of: an instrumentconfigured to grasp, manipulate, cauterize, or cut tissue; an instrumentconfigured to provide an interior view of the body cavity; or aninstrument configured to provide or remove fluid from the body cavity.10. An apparatus for providing access for a medical procedure in a bodycavity of a patient, the apparatus comprising: a stem being configuredto be inserted through an opening in a wall of the body cavity, the stemcomprising a bore being configured to receive an instrument therethroughand into the body cavity; an instrument seal being disposed at a distalend of the stem and being configured to transition between an expandedconfiguration and a retracted configuration, the instrument seal beingconfigured to seal against an outer surface of the instrument extendingtherethrough and to inhibit fluid communication between the body cavityand the bore when the instrument seal is in the expanded configuration;a conduit being in communication with the instrument seal and beingconfigured to facilitate transitioning the instrument seal between theexpanded configuration and the retracted configuration.
 11. Theapparatus of claim 10, wherein the inflatable instrument seal comprisesa balloon.
 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the inflatableinstrument seal is configured to facilitate in holding the instrument inposition when the instrument seal is inflated.
 13. The apparatus ofclaim 10, wherein the conduit comprises an inlet being configured toreceive pressurized fluid configured to inflate the instrument seal. 14.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein pressurized fluid comprises a liquidsolution injected through the inlet into the conduit, and wherein theconduit is configured to retain pressurized fluid within the instrumentseal and the conduit once pressurized fluid is injected into the inlet.15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the inlet is configured toconnect the conduit to a source of pressurized gas.
 16. The apparatus ofclaim 10, wherein the conduit comprises an outlet being configured to bein fluid communication with the body cavity after the stem is insertedthrough the opening in the wall of the body cavity, and wherein theoutlet is configured to provide insufflation pressure to the bodycavity.
 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instrument sealcomprises a compliant material having sufficient elasticity such thatthe instrument seal is configured to return to the retractedconfiguration prior to removal of the apparatus from the wall of thebody cavity.
 18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instrument sealcomprises a generally toroidal shape when expanded.
 19. The apparatus ofclaim 18, wherein the apparatus is configured to accommodate a pluralityof instruments within the bore, wherein the instrument seal comprises aplurality of bulged regions, and wherein each of the plurality of bulgedregions is configured to seal against an outer surface of a respectiveinstrument of the plurality of instruments such that the instrument sealis configured to provide increased force to hold each of the pluralityof instruments within the bore when the instrument seal is expanded. 20.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instrument comprises at least oneof: an instrument configured to grasp, manipulate, cauterize, or cuttissue; an instrument configured to provide an interior view of the bodycavity; or an instrument configured to provide or remove fluid from thebody cavity.